White v. State of Maryland’s Empirical Analysis
1963
Citation profile
643 federal appellate · 61 district · 861 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,991 later decisions (110 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2024 · most notably Chapman v. State of California (1967), United States v. Wade (1967)
643 federal appellate · 61 district · 861 state decisions — followed in 49 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Hamilton v. Alabama · White v. Maryland · White v. State
Cited together with Hamilton v. Alabama · Gideon v. Wainwright · Powell v. State of Alabama Patterson · Escobedo v. Illinois · United States v. Wade
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,991 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[w]hatever may be the normal function of the `preliminary hearing' under Maryland law, it was in this case as `critical' a stage as arraignment under Alabama law [dealt with in Hamilton v. Alabama, supra], for petitioner entered a plea before the magistrate and that plea was taken at a time when he had no counsel.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[o]nly the presence of counsel could have enabled this accused to know all the defenses available to him and to plead intelligently”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Arraignment under Alabama law is a critical stage in a criminal proceeding. It is then that the defense of insanity must be pleaded * * * or the opportunity is lost. * * * Pleas in abatement must also be made at the time of arraignment. * * * It is then that motions to quash based on systematic exclusion of one race from grand juries * * * or on the ground that the grand jury was otherwise improperly drawn * * * must be made. 15 "Whatever may be the function and importance of arraignment in other jurisdictions, we have said enough to show that in Alabama it is a critical stage in a criminal proceeding. What happens there may affect the whole trial.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Red Kettle · Ray v. Bauman
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.