Evans v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
375 F.2d 355 · 1967
Citation profile
64 federal appellate · 3 district · 38 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 114 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2019 · most notably Bruton v. United States (1968), Oregon v. Elstad (1985)
64 federal appellate · 3 district · 38 state decisions — followed in 20 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2114
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Johnson v. Zerbst · Escobedo v. Illinois · Jackson v. Denno · Johnson v. State of New Jersey
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 114 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he district court was required to make a finding on the record with “unmistakable clarity” that (1) the Miranda warnings were given; (2) the defendant knowingly and intelligently waived his privilege against self-incrimination . . .; (3) the defendant voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently waived his right to have retained or appointed counsel present at the interrogation; (4) the confession or statement was freely and voluntarily made.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““* * * [A] fter an accused has once let the cat out of the bag by confessing, no matter what the inducement, he is never thereafter free of the psychological and practical disadvantages of having confessed. He can never get the cat back in the bag. The secret is out for good. In such a sense, a later confession always may be looked upon as fruit of the first.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““To overturn Bruton’s conviction we would be required to speculate that the jury, presumably composed of prudent and intelligent men, disregarded the court’s instructions and their oaths. The Supreme Court has expressed similar sentiments in dealing with this very question: ‘To say that the jury might have been confused amounts to nothing more than an unfounded speculation that the jurors disregarded clear instructions of the court in arriving at their verdict. Our theory of trial relies upon the- ability of a jury to follow instructions.’ Opper v. United States, 348 U.S. 84 , 95, 75 S.Ct. 158 , 99 L.Ed. 101 (1954).””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.