Collins v. State’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

42 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 42 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “(1) the particularity of the description of the offender or the vehicle in which he fled; (2) the size of the area in which the offender might be found, as indicated by such facts as the elapsed time since the crime occurred; (3) the number of persons about in that area; (4) the known or probable direction of the offender’s flight; (5) observed activity by the particular person stopped; (6) knowledge or suspicion that the person or. vehicle stopped has been involved in other criminality of the type presently under investigation.”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. Williams v. State · 177 Md. App. 165 - Madison-Sheppard v. State

2. “A Terry stop allows police to “investigate the circumstances that provoke suspicion.” They do this by asking the “detainee a moderate number of questions to determine his identity and to try to obtain information confirming or dispelling the officer’s suspicions.” The detainee is not obligated to respond, however, and, “unless the detainee’s answers provide the officer with probable cause to arrest him, he must be released.””

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. Crosby v. State · Bailey v. State

3. “We agree that the issue must be examined in a sequential sense, beginning with the initial accosting of Collins by Officer Jones. The Supreme Court first dealt, directly, with encounters of this kind in Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 , 88 S.Ct. 1868 , 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968), in which, among other things, the Court concluded that the governmental interest in crime prevention and detection justified the recognition “that a police officer may in appropriate circumstances and in an appropriate manner approach a person for purposes of investigating possible criminal behavior even though there is no probable cause to make an arrest.” Id. at 22 , 88 S.Ct. at 1880 , 20 L.Ed.2d at 906-07 . Terry and its immediate progeny involved investigatory stops where the police suspected the person of either being about to commit a crime, as in Terry, or in the course of committing a crime, which explains the Court’s stressing of prevention and detection as the important governmental interest. In United States v. Hensley, 469 U.S. 221 , 105 S.Ct. 675 , 83 L.Ed.2d 604 (1985), the Court first considered the application of Terry to the accosting of an individual believed to have been involved in a completed crime. The balance of factors in that situation was somewhat different, in that a stop to investigate a completed crime does not promote the interest of crime prevention and detection and may not present the same kind of exigent circumstances as an effort to avert an imminent or ongoing crime. Nonethel”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. 187 Md. App. 411 - In Re Lorenzo C.