Tolen v. Ashcroft’s Empirical Analysis
377 F.3d 879 · 2004
Citation profile
17 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently January 2024 · most notably Rodgers v. U.S. Bank, N.A. (2005), Shanklin v. Fitzgerald (2005)
17 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc. · Jaurequi v. Carter Manufacturing Co. · Mayer v. Nextel West Corp. · April M. Clark v. Marvin T. Runyon, Jr., in His Official Capacity as Postmaster General of the United States Postal Service
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the presumption raised by the prima facie case disappears, and the burden shifts back to [Shanklin] to show that the articulated reason was a pretext for discrimination.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“an amended complaint supercedes an original complaint and renders the original complaint without legal effect.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Acuity v. Rex, LLC“similarly situated employees outside the protected class were treated differently.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.