Eduard v. Ashcroft’s Empirical Analysis
379 F.3d 182 · 2004
Citation profile
38 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 240 later decisions — most recently August 2024 · most notably Yu Zhao v. Gonzales (2005), Li v. Attorney General of the United States (2005)
38 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Elias-Zacarias · Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Cardoza-Fonseca · Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Ventura · Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Stevic · Falcon Carriche v. Ashcroft
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 240 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The infliction or suffering of harm, under government sanction, upon persons who differ in a way regarded as offensive (e.g., race, religion, political opinion, etc.), in a manner condemned by civilized governments. The harm or suffering need not be physical, but may take other forms, such as the deliberate imposition of severe economic disadvantage, or the deprivation of liberty, food, housing, employment, or other essentials of life.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) he possesses a belief or characteristic a persecutor seeks to overcome by means of punishment of some sort; (2) the persecutor is already aware, or could become aware, that the alien possesses this belief or characteristic; (3) the persecutor has the capability of punishing the alien; and, (4) the persecutor has the inclination to punish the alien.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Any person who is outside any country of nationality ... and who is unable or unwilling to return to, and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself to the protection of, that country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion ....”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Cabrera v. Sessions · Cruz v. Barr
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.