Muhammad v. Close’s Empirical Analysis
379 F.3d 413 · 2004
Citation profile
13 federal appellate ·
Appellate journey
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1988
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corporation · Heck v. Humphrey · Edwards v. Balisok · Thaddeus-X v. Blatter
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 48 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]emporal proximity alone may be 'significant enough to constitute indirect evidence of a causal connection so as to create an inference of retaliatory motive.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“any direct evidence offered by the plaintiff in response to a summary judgment motion must be accepted as true.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.