Holmes' Appeal’s Empirical Analysis
1954
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 117 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 145 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2021 · most notably Gault (1967), 1 Cal. 3d 855 - Nino v. Gladys R. (1970)
16 federal appellate · 117 state decisions — followed in 17 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Commonwealth v. Fisher · People v. Lewis · Brown v. . Robinson · People v. Fitzgerald · Hedden v. Hand
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 145 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Commonwealth categorically declares in its brief that `commitment to an industrial school is not punishment.' But it certainly does not come under the classification of pleasure. Calling a reformatory an `industrial school' does not mitigate its bleakness, loneliness and destitution of parental love and care. [¶] What is punishment? It is the infliction of pain, sorrow, and grief. To take a child from the comfort of his home, the joy of his companions and the freedom of field, river and wood, and confine him to a building with whitewashed walls, regimented routine and institutional hours is punishment in the strictest sense of the word. To say, as the Commonwealth says, that this institutionalized incarceration is `for the care and treatment' of the juvenile does not make it any less abhorrent to the boy [or, presumably, to the girl] of spirit, health and energy.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.