Morgan’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
4 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 15 later decisions — most recently June 2025
4 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc. · International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · General Electric Co. v. Joiner
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“To be legally sufficient, the [government's] statistical evidence 'must show a disparity of treatment, eliminate the most common nondiscriminatory explanations of the disparity, and thus permit the inference that, absent other explanation, the disparity more likely than not resulted from illegal discrimination.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“caution[ed] only that statistics are not irrefutable; they come in infinite variety and, like any other kind of evidence, they may be rebutted. In short, their usefulness depends on all of the surrounding facts and circumstances.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]llegitimate reasons-reasons themselves representative of the unlawful discrimination at issue-should be excluded from the regression (or otherwise dealt with) to avoid underestimating the significance of a disparity.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.