Lytle v. Carl’s Empirical Analysis
382 F.3d 978 · 2004
Citation profile
11 federal appellate · 14 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 70 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably Dang v. Cross (2005), Applied Medical Resources Corporation v. United States Surgical Corporation (2006)
11 federal appellate · 14 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Hensley v. Eckerhart · Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati · Board of the County Commissioners of Bryan County v. Brown · City of St. Louis v. Praprotnik
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 70 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“pursuant to an expressly adopted policy.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“determining] whether an official is a final policymaker [by] considering] whether the official's discretionary decisions are constrained by policies not of that official's making' and whether the official’s decisions are 'subject to review by the municipality’s authorized policymakers,’ ” and finding policy-making authority on the basis that”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the district court should first determine the lodestar amount by calculating `the number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation multiplied by a reasonable hourly rate.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Dang v. Cross
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.