Evans v. Newton’s Empirical Analysis
1966
Citation profile
507 federal appellate · 147 district · 206 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,373 later decisions (57 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2024 · most notably Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. (1970), Dandridge v. Williams (1970)
507 federal appellate · 147 district · 206 state decisions — followed in 27 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Pierce v. Society of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary Same · Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · Shelley v. Kraemer · Marsh v. State of Alabama · Civil Rights Cases
Cited together with Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · Marsh v. State of Alabama · Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co. · Terry v. Adams · Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,373 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“when private individuals or groups are endowed by the State with powers or functions governmental in nature, they become agencies or instrumentalities of the State and subject to its constitutional limitations.”
21 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[W]here the tradition of municipal control had become firmly established, we cannot take judicial notice that the mere substitution of trustees instantly transferred this park from the public to the private sector.”); Terry v. Adams, 345 U.S. 461 , 469, 73 S.Ct. 809 , 97 L.Ed. 1152 (1953) (lack of formal public control over election primary”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“so entwined with governmental policies or so impregnated with a governmental character as to become subject to the constitutional limitations placed upon state action.”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.