State v. Keen’s Empirical Analysis
1980
Citation profile
5
cited by 5 later decisions
1
states following
May 2005
most recently cited
4 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Carroll v. United States · Chambers v. Maroney · State v. Outten · 349 So. 2d 193 - Skelton v. State · 294 So. 2d 338 - State v. Knapp
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 5 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[pjrobable cause is defined as “a reasonable ground of suspicion, supported by circumstances sufficiently strong in themselves to warrant a cautious person in believing the accused to be guilty.” The arresting officer need not actually see the law being violated, nor must he satisfy himself beyond any question that a crime has been committed. The person making the arrest may act either upon facts within his own knowledge or on those communicated to him by a responsible person. Probable cause to arrest exists where a reasonable person, having the specialized training of a police officer in reviewing facts known to the arresting officer prior to the actual time of arrest, would come to the conclusion that a crime is being or has been committed by the person to be arrested.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“It is obvious from the record that Frawley [the officer at the jail] had good reason to believe that the appellee was probably bugging him, especially when we consider that he had prior knowledge that the appellee was carrying the bugging device.... The evidence indicates that Frawley had a rational basis for formulating a probable belief that a violation of Section 934.03(l)(a) had occurred. The cumulative effect of the information and observations known to Frawley, combined with his expertise, knowledge, and skill as a police officer, were sufficient to give him reasonable grounds for believing that the appellee was engaged in the commission of a crime.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.