Docket No. 03-7897(l)’s Empirical Analysis
2004
Citation profile
10 federal appellate · 15 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 191 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably Spool v. World Child International Adoption Agency (2008), City of New York v. Smokes-Spirits.Com, Inc. (2008)
10 federal appellate · 15 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Turkette · Hj Inc v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Company · Reves v. Ernst & Young · George Duncan Superintendent Great Meadow Correctional Facility v. Sherman Walker · Salinas v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 191 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“`a group of persons associated together for a common purpose of engaging in a course of conduct,' the existence of which is proven `by evidence of an ongoing organization, formal or informal, and by evidence that the various associates function as a continuing unit.'”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“for an association of individuals to constitute an enterprise, the individuals must share a common purpose to engage in a particular fraudulent course of conduct and work together to achieve such 29 purposes.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“`operation or management' test typically has proven to be a relatively low hurdle for plaintiffs to clear ... especially at the pleading stage.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.