Winters v. Beck, Penal Farm Superintendent’s Empirical Analysis
1966
Citation profile
22 federal appellate · 6 district · 50 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 108 later decisions (10 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2005 · most notably Gault (1967), Rodriguez v. ROSENBLATT (1971)
22 federal appellate · 6 district · 50 state decisions — followed in 17 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Gideon v. Wainwright · Harvey v. Mississippi · McDonald v. Moore
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 108 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“1. Petitioner was tried and convicted without benefit of counsel and without being advised of his right to counsel; 2. The penalties assessed against him by the Municipal Court of Little Rock deprive him of the equal protection of the laws in that the substitution of 254 days in jail as punishment for his failure to pay his fine and court costs of $254.00 as provided by the Arkansas Statute arbitrarily imposes imprisonment for no other reason than indigency; 3. The ordinance pursuant to which he was convicted violates the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment in that it is vague, ambiguous, and uncertain.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.