Gilbert v. California’s Empirical Analysis
1967
Citation profile
1,940 federal appellate · 166 district · 4,667 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 7,790 later decisions (147 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2025 · most notably Schneckloth v. Bustamonte (1973), United States v. Wade (1967)
1,940 federal appellate · 166 district · 4,667 state decisions — followed in 50 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Chapman v. State of California · Wong Sun v. United States · Johnson v. Zerbst · Gideon v. Wainwright
Cited together with United States v. Wade · Stovall v. Denno · Simmons v. United States · Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Chapman v. State of California
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 7,790 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““ * * * It by no means follows, * * * that every compulsion of an accused to use his voice or write compels a communication within the cover of the privilege. A mere handwriting exemplar, in contrast to the content of what is written, like the voice or body itself, is an identifying physical characteristic outside its protection. * * * ””
65 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“come at by exploitation of [the primary] illegality.”
23 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Ray v. Bauman · State v. Frisco“[t]he admission of the in-court identifications without first determining that they were not tainted by the illegal lineup but were of independent origin was constitutional error.”
17 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.