United States v. Ruffin’s Empirical Analysis
389 F.2d 76 · 1968
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 21 later decisions — most recently September 1982
13 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2312
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Wong Sun v. United States · Brinegar v. United States · Johnson v. State of New Jersey · Henry v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 21 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Certainly, an unlawful arrest does not serve to immunize the arrested person from prosecution.... But, on the facts here involved, the rationale of the government’s argument is an oversimplification which omits appraisal and consideration of the significant and critical factor that it was the check on the license plate while the defendants were detained under unlawful arrest — an exploitation of that illegal arrest — which led to the evidence that they were in possession of a stolen vehicle. Thus, a most essential element of the corpus delicti, the body or substance of the offenses for which they were convicted, was directly the product of the illegal arrest. But for such unlawful arrest and detention, and the routine checking of the license plate, it is purely speculative that the defendants’ offenses would have come to light.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.