Zwickler v. Koota’s Empirical Analysis
1967
Citation profile
895 federal appellate · 453 district · 254 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 3,142 later decisions (166 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2025 · most notably Younger v. Harris (1971), Roe v. Wade (1973)
895 federal appellate · 453 district · 254 state decisions — followed in 38 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1343 · 28 U.S.C. § 2201 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co. · Connally v. General Construction Co. · Cantwell v. State of Connecticut · National Association for Advancement of Colored People v. Y Button · Burford v. Sun Oil Co.
Cited together with Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co. · Dombrowski v. Pfister · Younger v. Harris · Baggett v. Bullitt · Harman v. Forssenius
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3,142 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the primary and powerful reliances for vindicating every right given by the Constitution, the laws, and treaties of the United States.”
39 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In such case[s] to force the plaintiff who has commenced a federal action to suffer the delay of state-court proceedings might itself effect the impermissible chilling of the very constitutional right he seeks to protect.”
28 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a governmental purpose to control or prevent activities constitutionally subject to state regulation may not be achieved by means which sweep unnecessarily broadly and thereby invade the area of protected freedoms.”
22 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Miller v. State · Kramer v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.