702
FEDERAL, REPORTER,
vol. 39.
as to include something not mentioned by the patentee as a part of his invention it should certainly clearly appear that the improvement was a substantial one, and that it is not found in any prior device. In this case I do not the complainant has made out the charge of infringement, and it follows that the bill should be dismissed. Bill dismissed.
SIMONDS COUNTER MACHINERY CO. V. KNOX
et ale
(Circuit COU1·t. D. Massachusett8.
August 31,1889.)
1.
JUDGMENT-RES ADJUDIOATA.
In a third suit on letters patent. which have been assailed as invalid on account of. prior public use, aud have been twice sustained by the courts. the former decision will be followed where no new facts of a controlling character are introduced. . ,
2.
PATENTS ]WR
Letters patent No. 147,288, dated February 10, 1874. and granted to Simonds and Emery for improvements in machinery for moulding counters for boots and shoes, claimed a combination ofa divided mould and cams, which moulded the heel-counter by a pressure nearly at right angles to the surface of the leather. Held infringed by a machine made under a patent granted November 6,1888, to G.A. Knox, by which the counter is pressed into shape by pressure nearly at right angles, by a spring· mould which is not divided, but is substantially the same as that of Simonds and Emery.
In Equity. Bill to enjoin infringement of patent. W. A. Macleod, for complainant. Livermore, Fish & RichaTdson, for defendants. COI.T, J. This suit is brought on letters patent No. 147,288, dated }-"ebruary 10, 1874, granted to Simonds and Emery for improvements in machinery for moulding counters for boots and shoes. The present hearing was upon motion for a preliminary injunction. The patent has been twice passed upon by the circuit court. In the suit of Emery v. Cavanagh, 17 Fed. Rep. 242, 27 Fed. Rep. 511, JUdge SHIPMAN held that the patent was valid. The main ground of attack in that case was public use for more than two years prior to the application for a patent, and the court, upon examination of' the evidence, found that the prior use of the machine was experimental. Subsequently suit was brought in this circuit by the present complainant against Lewis B. Russell, raising the same issues as in the Cavanagh Case, and Judge LOWEI.I., after hearing the arguments of counsel, and upon consideration of the case, granted an injunction nisi. In the present case, and for the third time, it is sought to invalidate this patent on the same ground of prior public use. The question raised under this issue is one of fact, and consequently the evidence is conflicting; and, where the circuit court has twice found for the patentees on this issue, the court should hesitate to reverse such fin,ding, unless upon new evidence of a decisive and con-
SIMONDS COUNTER· MACHINERY CO. tl. KNOX.
703
trolling character. The evidence before the court in the prior suits is made a part of the present record, and, while the defendants have called several additional witnesses to thi.s point, still, taking the evidence as a whole, it is substantially the same as in the other suits; at least no new facts of a controlling character have been brought forward by the defendants. I shall therefore follow the prior decisions of the court, and hold the patent valid. It is suggested by defendants' counsel, in a careful review of the authorities, that the law on the question of what constitutes "public use" has been modified by the supreme court in the recent case of Smith &: Griggs ilfanuf'g Co. v. Sprague, 123 U. S. 249, 8 Sup. Ct. Rep. 122, and that under the rule there laid down the patent in suit is shown to be invalid. I do not understand, however, that the Smith &: Griggs Case changed the doctrine of the law with reference to prior public use, or that it is in conflict with the former decisions of the same court on this point. The second and remaining defense is non-infringement. Simonds and Emery appear to have been the first persons to set a heel-counter or stiffener for boots and shoes firmly into shape. In prior devices the moulding pressure at the open ends of the counter was exerted by the female die sliding along the leather. Simonds and Emery were the first to mould this part of the counter by a pressure nearly at right angles to the surface of the leather, by means of a divided die whose open ends approach each other and set the leather into the proper shape. The alleged infringing machine is made under a patent granted to George A. Knox, November 6, 1888. In this machine there is a spring-mould so formed that its open ends approach each other by means of cams, and compress the counter at nearly right angles to its surface. The Knox springmould is not divided, hut in structure and operation it seems to me substantially the same, or the equivalent, of the Simonds and Emery, with the exception of the flange-turning device which is found in the latter. In the K110X machine the turning of the flange of the counter is performed by other mechanism. I am of opinion that there is found in the Knox machine the combinations described in claims 1 and 4 of the Si· monds and Emery patent. These claims are as follows: "( I) The combination of the di vided mould, i, i, and form, n, sUbstadially as described and shown." "(4) In combination with mould, i, i, the cams, a', scrilJed and shown."
a', substantially as de-
In view of the advance made in the art by Simonds and Emery, and of prior adjudications, these claims should receive a fairly liberal construction. The prior patents upon machines for making horseshoes do noi, I think, anticipate this invention. Motion granted.
704
FEDImAL REPORTER,
PRINCE STEAM-SHIPPING
CO. v.
LEHMAN
et al. 1
(Di8/rict Court, S. D. New York. 1.
September 4, 1889.)
A st'1Julation in acl that "all disputes * * it arising on this charter-par:], or on bills of lading thereunder, shall be settled at port of discharge only," is contrary tv public policy, and void. ADMIRALTy-Pr,EADING.
P ARTY-PUBUC POLICY,
A hearing on an exception to a libel must be determined on the pleadings, and an affidavit on behalf of respondents cannot be considered.
:l'n Admiralty. On exceptions to libel. Butler, Stillman & Hubbard, for libelant. R. D. Benedut, for respondents. BENEDICT, J. This ca<;e comes before the court upon an exception to the libel. The suit is brought in personam against the respondents upon a charter-party, to recover freight money. A copy of the charter-party is annexed to the libel. The respondents served a general notice of appearance, and then exeeptea to the libel. The exception raises but one question, and that is whether this court has jurisdiction to entertain the action in view of a provision in the charter-party, set forth in the libel, which is as follows:
"It is further agreed that all disputes, if any, whether arIsing before or after shipment of cargo, and whether arising on this charter-party or on bills of lading signed thereunder, shall be settled at port of discharge only."
The libel shows Philadelphia to be the port of discharge. The provision in the charter-party, upon which the respondents rely, is in legal effect an agreement ousting the juriSdiction of all courts, except those in the port of Philadelphia. Such agreements have repeatedly been held to be against public policy, and void. The provision being void, it makes no difference which party seeks to take advantage of it; being void, it is of no avail to either party. The 'exceptions must therefore be overruled. An affidavit submitted on behalf of the respondents cannot be regarded. This is not the hearing of a motion to decline jurisdiction, addressed to the discretion of the court, but the hearing of an exception to the libel, and must be decided on the pleadings. Moreover, a motion to decline jurisdiction, addressed to the discretion of the court, based upon such a stipulation, could not prevail. I
Reported by Edward G. Benedict, )jJeq., of the New York bar.