United States v. Roberts’s Empirical Analysis
39 F.3d 10 · 1994
Citation profile
19 federal appellate · 3 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 27 later decisions — most recently July 2012 · most notably Cofske v. United States (2002), United States v. Camilo (1995)
19 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1709
Relies on Williams v. United States · United States v. Kozinski · Commonwealth v. Duquette · Molina v. Immigration and Naturalization Service · Mann v. Commonwealth
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 27 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]his preference for adjudications of guilt presumably reflects the desire to fasten on what can readily be proved and the reasonable assurance that one who has pled guilty or been found guilty did commit the prior crime in question.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(f) Diversionary Dispositions 13 Diversion from the judicial process without a finding of guilt (e.g., deferred prosecution) is not counted. A diversionary disposition resulting from a finding or admission of guilt, or a plea of nolo contendere, in á judicial proceeding is counted as a sentence under § 4Al.l(c) even if a conviction is not formally entered, except that diversion from juvenile court is not counted.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“admit[ting] sufficient facts to submit to the court's jurisdiction " (emphasis added). Nor does the rule describe how, if at all, the judge might use this general, jurisdictional admission to determine whether there is a factual basis for proving that the juvenile took any action that constituted a crime. 13 This section is cross-referenced in § 4A1.1, application note 3: "Certain prior sentences are not counted or are counted only under certain conditions.... A diversionary disposition is counted only where there is a finding or admission of guilt in a judicial proceeding. See § 4A1.2(f).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. No. 98-2142
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.