Hardy v. City Optical Inc.’s Empirical Analysis
39 F.3d 765 · 1994
Citation profile
29 federal appellate · 5 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 66 later decisions — most recently August 2020 · most notably Sanjuan v. American Board of Psychiatry & Neurology, Inc. (1994), Messner v. Northshore University HealthSystem (2012)
29 federal appellate · 5 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1367
Relies on Ohio v. Roberts · Parker v. Brown · Honig v. Doe · United States Parole Commission v. Geraghty · Reiter v. Sonotone Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 66 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he appellee 'waives, as a practical matter anyway, any objections not obvious to the court to specific points urged by the [appellant].'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“When an appellee advances an alternative ground for upholding a ruling by the district judge, and the appellant does not respond in his reply brief ..., he [does not] concede[ ] the correctness of the ruling .... But he waives, as a practical matter anyway, any objections not obvious to the court to specific points urged by the appellee.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“for the private actor to be exempt the state must have 'made [his] conduct its own.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.