State v. Abdul-Khaliq’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

5 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 5 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “A person can lawfully use force to protect another person against an attack unless, under the circumstances as he reasonably believes them to be, the person he seeks to protect would not be justified in using such force to protect himself. [Insert brief description of the basis whereby the person being protected would not be justified in using force to protect himself. See Notes on Use 3(b) for examples.] If, under the circumstances as a person reasonably believed them to be, the person he seeks to protect (was the initial aggressor (and had not withdrawn)) (was being arrested by a law enforcement officer) ([other basis for lack of justification ]), then he is not entitled to use force to protect the other person.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Hughes

2. “Generally, § 563.031.1 allows a person to use physical force upon another person to defend himself or a third person from what he perceives to be the use or imminent use of unlawful force by the other person. This defense is not available, however, if the defendant was the initial aggressor, unless he withdrew from the conflict § 563.031.1(1)(a). An initial aggressor is one who first attacks or threatens to attack another. If there is contradictory evidence as to who was the initial aggressor, it is a question of fact for the jury to decide.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Barriere

3. “In such cases, the trial court does not err in submitting the initial aggressor paragraphs of self-defense instruction to the jury, and in fact it is required to do so.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Barriere