Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer’s Empirical Analysis
1974
Citation profile
4 federal appellate · 6 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 19 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2005
4 federal appellate · 6 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1331 · 28 U.S.C. § 2281 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Scheuer v. Rhodes · Ex Parte: Edward T Young · Edelman v. Jordan · Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Udall v. Tallman
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Nothing herein shall be construed to interfere with the State Legislature performing its constitutional function of freely determining public policy, as it pertains to deciding upon a uniform retirement age for all men and women employees of the State of Connecticut in the future, provid[ing] the same is carried out without discrimination as to age or benefits on the basis of sex.””
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Pineman v. Oechslin“subject to the civil service laws of a State government, governmental agency or political subdivision.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“the more dependent of the sexes and entitled to be sheltered from the rebuffs of life.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.