W. L. Birkholz v. Elmer L. Dirks, Etc.’s Empirical Analysis
391 F.2d 289 · 1968
Citation profile
9
cited by 9 later decisions
November 1996
most recently cited
9 federal appellate ·
Relationships
Relies on Pennsylvania Railroad v. Rychlik · Rohrer v. Conemaugh & Black Lick Railroad · O'Connell v. Erie Lackawanna Railroad
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 9 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The requirement of membership in a labor organization in an agreement made pursuant to subparagraph (a) of this paragraph”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.