391 Pa. Super. 273 - Commonwealth v. Parsons’s Empirical Analysis
1990
Citation profile
35 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 35 later decisions — most recently February 2015 · most notably 421 Pa. Super. 233 - Commonwealth v. Torres (1992), 407 Pa. Super. 415 - Commonwealth v. Davis (1991)
35 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Ker v. State of California · Moore v. Sims · Laverick v. United States · Commonwealth v. Gray · Commonwealth v. McGrogan
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 35 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(a) A law enforcement officer executing a search warrant shall, before entry, give, or make reasonable effort to give, notice of his identity, authority and purpose to any occupant of the premises specified in the warrant, unless exigent circumstances require his immediate forcibly entry. (b) Such officer shall await a response for a reasonable period of time after his announcement of identity, authority and purpose, unless exigent circumstances require his immediate forcible entry. (c) If the officer is not admitted after such reasonable period, he may forcibly enter the premises and may use as much physical force to effect entry therein as is necessary to execute the search.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage““The purpose[s] of the 'knock and announce’ rule,” ..., “[are] to prevent violence and physical injury to the police and occupants, to protect an occupant’s privacy expectation against unauthorized entry of persons unknown to him or her, and to prevent property damage resulting from forced entry.” It has also been stated that even where the police announce both their identity and purpose ... forcible entry remains impermissible if the occupants of the premises sought to be entered have not been provided with the opportunity to relinquish the premises voluntarily. The critical inquiry then, is whether sufficient time elapsed for the police to form a reasonable belief that the occupants of the premises did not intend to surrender the premises peaceably or voluntarily. [Citations omitted]”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“We reiterate that our focus is not upon whether [Ajppellant actually knew that the police were attempting to execute a search warrant of the premises. In addition, our focus is not upon what [A]ppellant was doing when the police sought admission and, whether, considering that, [Ajppellant was given sufficient time to relinquish the premises voluntarily. Rather, our inquiry is whether the record contains sufficient evidence for the trial court to have concluded that the police reasonably believed that the occupants did not intend to surrender the premises voluntarily.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.