American Federation of Musicians v. Carroll’s Empirical Analysis
1968
Citation profile
128 federal appellate · 10 district · 17 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 273 later decisions (14 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2024 · most notably Connell Construction Co. v. Plumbers & Steamfitters Local Union No. 100 (1975), 28 Cal. 3d 807 - Graham v. Scissor-Tail, Inc. (1981)
128 federal appellate · 10 district · 17 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedCarroll v. American Federation of Musicians of United States & Canada (from Second Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 15 U.S.C. § 1 (§ 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act) · 15 U.S.C. § 1291 (Sherman Antitrust Act) · 15 U.S.C. § 17 (§ 6 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914) · 15 U.S.C. § 62 · 29 U.S.C. § 113 (Norris-LaGuardia Act) · 29 U.S.C. § 52 (§ 20 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914) · 7 U.S.C. § 291 (Capper-Volstead Act)
Relies on Hansberry v. Lee · United Mine Workers v. Pennington · Fibreboard Paper Products Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board · United Mine Workers of America v. M Pennington Local Union No 189 Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America · United States v. Parke, Davis & Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 273 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“. . . the presence of job or wage competition or some other economic inter-relationship affecting legitimate union interests between the union members and the independent contractors. If such a relationship existed, the independent contractors were a 'labor group' . . .”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the price-list requirement is brought within the labor exemption under the finding that the requirement is necessary to assure that scale wages will be paid to the sidemen and the leader”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“We think also that . . . booking agent restrictions “are . . . intimately bound up with the subject of wages” [Teamsters Local 24 v. Oliver, 362 U.S. 605, 606 , 80 S.Ct. 923, 924 , 4 L.Ed.2d 987, 988 (1960) (Oliver II)]. The District Court found that the booking agent regulations were adopted because of experience that “many booking agents charged exorbitant fees to members and booked engagements for musicians at wages which were below union scale.” 241 F.Supp., at 881 — 882. On the basis of these findings, the District Court concluded: “Because the activities of the booking agents here have and had a direct and substantial effect on the wages of the members of [the unions], I find that they are in an economic interrelationship with the members * * * such that the [unions] are justified in regulating their activities * * *. Furthermore, I find the regulations to be reasonably related to their interest in maintaining observance of union scale wages and working conditions.” 241 F.Supp., at 893. 391 U.S. at 113 , 88 S.Ct. at 1571 , 20 L.Ed.2d at 470 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.