McDowell v. Brown’s Empirical Analysis
392 F.3d 1283 · 2004
Citation profile
23 federal appellate · 3 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 225 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably Seisinger v. Siebel (2009), Doe v. School Board of Broward County (2010)
23 federal appellate · 3 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Erie Co v. Tompkins · Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · Estelle v. Gamble
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 225 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]o impose § 1983 liability on a municipality, a plaintiff must show: (1) that his constitutional rights were violated; (2) that the municipality had a custom or policy that constituted deliberate indifference to that constitutional right; and (3) that the policy or custom caused the violation.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the testimony is based upon sufficient facts or data, (2) the testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods, and (3) the witness has applied the principles and methods reliably to the facts of the case.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“For example, there is no fit where a large analytical leap must be made between the facts and the opinion.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.