Sander v. Wright’s Empirical Analysis
1986
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 1 district · 11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 14 later decisions — most recently February 2004
2 federal appellate · 1 district · 11 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Watkins v. Central Motor Lines, Inc. · 63 Ill. 2d 71 - Cessna v. Montgomery · Cromwell v. Hosbrook · 104 Ill. 2d 261 - Dornfeld v. Julian · 40 Cal. App. 3d 1014 - Common Wealth Insurance Systems, Inc. v. Kersten
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 14 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In order to constitute an equitable es-toppel, also known today as estoppel in pais, false representations or concealment of material facts must exist; the party to whom it was made must have been without knowledge of the real facts; th[e] representations or concealment must have been made with the intention that it should be acted upon; and the party to whom it was made must have relied thereon to his prejudice or injury. There can be no estoppel if any of these essential elements are lacking, or if any of them have not been proved by clear and convincing evidence.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“To create an estoppel, there must have been some act or conduct on the party to be estopped, which has in some manner mislead the party in whose favor the estoppel is sought and has caused such party to part with something of value or to do some other act relying upon the conduct of the party to be estopped, thus creating a condition that would make it inequitable to allow the guilty party to claim what would otherwise be his legal rights.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“Fraud has been defined as “a representation ... made as a statement of fact, which was untrue and known to be untrue by the party making it, or else recklessly made; [and] made with intent to deceive and for the purpose of inducing the other party to act upon it.” To be actionable fraud, a party must further “rely on it and [be] induced thereby to act to his injury or damage.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.