Kirkpatrick v. Preisler’s Empirical Analysis
1969
Citation profile
61 federal appellate · 67 district · 95 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 506 later decisions (61 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2020 · most notably White v. Regester (1973), Whitcomb v. Chavis (1971)
61 federal appellate · 67 district · 95 state decisions — followed in 25 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Reynolds v. Sims · Wesberry v. Sanders · Avery v. Midland County · Swann v. Adams
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 506 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“approach is inconsistent with adoption of fixed numerical standards which excuse population variances without regard to the circumstances of each particular case. The extent to which equality may practicably be achieved may differ from State to State and from district to district. Since”
24 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“unavoidable despite a good-faith effort to achieve absolute equality, or ... (if) justification is shown.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Art. I, § 2 of the Constitution requires that 'as nearly as is practicable one man's vote in a congressional election is to be worth as much as another's.'”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.