397 F. Supp. 792 - Lombardo v. Handler’s Empirical Analysis
1975
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 9 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 28 later decisions — most recently March 2019 · most notably Herbert v. National Academy of Sciences (1992), American Petroleum Institute v. Costle (1981)
14 federal appellate · 9 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 16 U.S.C. § 1401 (§ 201 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972) · 21 U.S.C. § 376 (Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act) · 22 U.S.C. § 274A · 36 U.S.C. § 150301 · 36 U.S.C. § 150302 · 36 U.S.C. § 150303 · 38 U.S.C. § 4101 · 42 U.S.C. § 1881
Relies on Soucie v. David · International Harvester Co. v. Ruckelshaus · Washington Research Project, Inc. v. Department of Health, Education & Welfare · International Harvester Co. v. Ruckelshaus · Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corp. v. Renegotiation Board
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 28 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““DEFINITION OF ‘AGENCY’ “For the purposes of this section, the definition of ‘agency’ has been expanded to include those entities which may not be considered agencies under section 551(1) of title 5, U.S.Code, but which perform governmental functions and control information of interest to the public. The bill expands the definition of ‘agency’ for purposes of section 552, title 5, United States Code. Its effect is to insure inclusion under the Act of Government corporations, Government controlled corporations, or other establishments within the executive branch, such as the U.S. Postal Service. “The term ‘establishment in the Executive Office of the President,’ as used in this amendment, means such functional entities as the Office of Telecommunications Policy, the Office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the National Security Council, the Federal Property Council, and other similar establishments which have been or may in the future be created by Congress through statute or by Executive order. “The term ‘Government corporation,’ as used in this subsection, would include a corporation that is a wholly Government-owned enterprise, established by Con gress through statute, such as the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC), the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and the Inter-American Foundation. “The term ‘Government controlled corporation,’ as used in this subsection, would include a corporation whic”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority““The theme that runs through the legislative history of section 2 is that an administrative agency is a part of government which is ‘generally independent in the exercise of [its] functions’ and which ‘by law has authority to take final and binding action’ affecting the rights and obligations of individuals, particularly by the characteristic procedures of rule-making and adjudication.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority““For purposes of this section, the term ‘agency’ as defined in section 551(1) of this title includes any executive department, military department, Government Corporation, Government controlled corporation; or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government (including the Executive Office of the President), or any independent regulatory agency.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.