Stump v. Bennett’s Empirical Analysis
398 F.2d 111 · 1968
Citation profile
65 federal appellate · 10 district · 44 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 144 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2025 · most notably Engle v. Isaac (1982), Reed v. Ross (1984)
65 federal appellate · 10 district · 44 state decisions — followed in 18 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Chapman v. State of California · Gideon v. Wainwright · Simmons v. United States · Stovall v. Denno
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 144 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““ . when the burden of persuasion is shifted to the defendant to disprove essential elements of a crime, as it was in the instant case, then it is certain that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has been violated.””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““ * * * before you can acquit the defendant by reason of this defense [alibi] you must find that he has established it by a preponderance or greater -weight of the evidence bearing upon it.””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““ . . . an affirmative defense generally applies to justification for his admitted participation in the act itself.””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.