Ivester v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1981
Citation profile
39 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 40 later decisions — most recently November 2018 · most notably State v. Hutchinson (1983), 396 Pa. Super. 436 - Commonwealth v. French (1990)
39 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Corallo v. United States · 70 Cal. 2d 347 - People v. Curtis · Myers v. State · United States v. Palermo · Gray v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 40 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“`permit[s] an individual to defend himself against unlawful or excessive force, even when being arrested.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(a) there are no civil suits pending against Officer Butcher for acts relating to his position as a police officer. (b) on September 13, 1976, Officer Butcher failed to report for duty involving traffic control at a football game. As a result, he was required to work on his next regularly scheduled off duty day. (c) on April 14, 1976, Officer Butcher and another officer investigated an auto accident involving one Paul Thompson. Thompson, found to be at fault, complained that Officer Butcher was rude, prejudiced and did not conduct a proper investigation. An internal affairs unit investigation found no substance to Thompson’s complaint. (d) on May 15, 1976, while working in an off duty capacity providing security at a local restaurant, Officer Butcher arrested one John Dixie for trespass after warning and resisting arrest with violence. Butcher’s arrest report related that Dixie, while in his automobile in the parking lot, directed profane, threatening language toward four youths walking in the area. Butcher identified himself and asked Dixie on several occasions to leave before a breach of the peace occurred. Dixie refused, was arrested for trespassing and was asked to get out of his car. He declined to do so and Butcher proceeded to forcibly remove him. . A scuffle ensued in which Dixie was struck on the left arm with Butcher’s flashlight. Finally, another officer arrived and assisted Butcher in subduing Dixie. Dixie claimed that Butcher directed racial slurs at him and used”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“A person is justified in the use of force ... against another when ... he reasonably believes that such conduct is necessary to defend himself ... against such other's imminent use of unlawful force.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.