Fox v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1980
Citation profile
13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 13 later decisions — most recently October 2000
13 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on General Electric Co. v. International Union of Electrical, Radio & Machine Workers · Maldonado v. State · White v. State · Blue v. State · 60 Ohio App. 39 - Reliance Art Metal, Inc. v. Western Bank & Trust Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 13 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““The indiscreet use of or reference to police ‘mug files’ has been discouraged by our courts for over four decades. The rationale is plain: improper use of these police photographs may be sufficient to cause a juror of average intelligence to strongly suspect the defendant has a criminal record.” Fox v. State, supra, at 829.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Scott v. State · Rhyne v. State““Perhaps as important to our decision as the absence of a deliberate attempt to prejudice is the fact that the ‘door way’ was first opened by the defense. The defense on cross examination established that the police officers carried Bayer’s picture in a group with several others and showed them to victims of armed robberies. When this file was eventually and inadvertently referred to as a ‘mug file’, it was not a startling revelation of a new and material fact. “Lack of intent to prejudice, other strong evidence of guilt, and the fact that the subject of photographs originated with Bayer, all combine to minimize prejudice to Bayer.””
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Hedges v. State“"It was not proper to prove that the defendant had a criminal record, and what may not be done directly may not be done by indirection or subterfuge. ... Since proof of another crime improperly admitted is always treated as prejudicial error, and, since it cannot be said that this exhibit and the manner in which it was presented was not sufficient to cause a juror of average intelligence to at least strongly suspect that the defendant had a criminal history, we cannot say that the admission of the exhibit was not prejudicial."”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Graves v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.