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399 So. 2d 445

Docket No. 80-332.

Reeder v. State

Rosa Lee REEDER, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.

District Court of Appeal of Florida · decided 1981-06-03

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“[T]his case illustrates that when criminal procedure directs the jury to concern itself with both the truth of the charges and the consequences of its verdict, its findings as to guilt and its findings relating to matters that legally require a consequence deemed by the jury undesirable, may naturally be inconsistent. Such inconsistency is the price of a `jury pardon' philosophy.”

quoted by 1 later decision, including 404 So. 2d 1072 - Wooten v. State

“[t]he jury could have found that an assault occurred and that the pistol or object used constituted a deadly weapon but that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the pistol met the statutory definition of a 'firearm'”

quoted by 1 later decision, including Mitchell v. State

Relies on 143 So. 2d 817 - Goswick v. State · 394 So. 2d 570 - Bell v. State · City of Miami Beach v. Sargeant

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1981-06-03

How this case has been cited

Cited by 8 later decisions — most recently April 2019

7 state decisions

301981199020002010decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1*446 James B. Gibson, Public Defender and Burke D. Chester, Asst. Public Defender, Daytona Beach, for appellant.

¶2Jim Smith, Atty. Gen., Tallahassee and Edward M. Chew, Asst. Atty. Gen., Daytona Beach, for appellee.

¶3COWART, Judge.

¶4Appellant was charged with aggravated assault, a violation of section 784.021(1)(a), Florida Statutes (1979), with the information alleging an assault with a deadly weapon "to-wit: a pistol." Apparently in an attempt to implement section 775.087(1), Florida Statutes (1979), the trial court instructed the jury that punishment for the crime was greater if during the commission of the crime the defendant carries, displays, uses, threatens to use or attempts to use a firearm and submitted verdict forms that included a form for the finding of guilt of aggravated assault as charged with the further proviso in the verdict form for the jury to find that in the commission of said offense the defendant either did or did not use a firearm. The jury found appellant guilty of aggravated assault as charged but also found that during the commission of the offense she did not use a firearm. This appeal is based on a claim that the jury verdict is defective because it is inherently inconsistent.

¶5First we observe that punishment for this type of aggravated assault is not subject to enhancement under section 775.087(1), Florida Statutes (1979). Williams v. State, 358 So.2d 187 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978). See also Bell v. State, 394 So.2d 570 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981) [1981 F.L.W. 541].

¶6The jury could have found that an assault occurred and that the pistol or object used constituted a deadly weapon but that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the pistol met the statutory definition of a "firearm." See § 790.001(6), Fla. Stat. (1979); Goswick v. State, 143 So.2d 817 (Fla. 1962); Warren v. State, 332 So.2d 361 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976). The jury could also have considered that the aggravated assault occurred as a result of the accused merely threatening to do violence to the person of another with a deadly weapon but have reckoned that to "use a firearm" meant to fire or discharge it. More likely this case illustrates that when criminal procedure directs the jury to concern itself with both the truth of the charges and the consequences of its verdict, its findings as to guilt and its findings relating to matters that legally require a consequence deemed by the jury undesirable, may naturally be inconsistent. Such inconsistency is the price of a "jury pardon" philosophy.

¶7Although expressly extended an opportunity, appellant made no objection as to the form of the verdict before submission to the jury or after the jury returned but before the jury was discharged. We find substantial competent evidence supporting the verdict and do not find the superfluous additional findings of fact sufficient to impeach or invalidate the truth of the verdict.

¶8AFFIRMED.

¶9ORFINGER and FRANK D. UPCHURCH, Jr., JJ., concur.

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