Baldwin v. New York Williams’s Empirical Analysis
1970
Citation profile
194 federal appellate · 32 district · 491 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 895 later decisions (46 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2025 · most notably Batson v. Kentucky (1986), Coolidge v. New Hampshire (1971)
194 federal appellate · 32 district · 491 state decisions — followed in 47 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Katz v. United States · Gideon v. Wainwright · United States v. Wade · Mapp v. Ohio · North Carolina v. Pearce
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 895 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“interposition between the accused and his accuser of the commonsense judgment of a group of laymen, and in the community participation and shared responsibility that results from that group's determination of guilt or innocence.”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“Providing an accused with the right to be tried by a jury of his peers gave him an inestimable safeguard against the corrupt or overzealous prosecutor and against the compliant, biased, or eccentric judge.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“(T)he essential feature of a jury lies in the interposition between the accused and his accuser of the commonsense judgment of a group of laymen.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.