86
VEDERAL REPORTER.
The defendant's stamp is of a single thickness of paper not gummed upon the back, but with a blank strip protecting the portions to be cut out from the paste upon the barrel. The blank strip was described in the plaintiff's specification. The difference is that in the use of the plaintiff's stamp the adhesive material is applied to the back of the stamp, while in the use of the defendant's stamp the adhe!live material is applied to the head of the barrel. The method of construction of the two stamps is substantially the same, even assuming that the "backing piece" was not intended to be used when the entire stamp is composed of one piece of paper. An attempt was made to attack the Locke patent for want. of novelty, but the two antedating patents which were somewhat feebly relied upon by the defendant, viz., the English patent of Edward Wilkins, dated November 13,1851, and thepatent of Albon Man, dated September 3, 1867, refer todevices so manifestly unlike the Locke stamp that further examination is unnecessary. The utility and patentability of the Locke stamp cannot. be controverted, in view of the testimony which was, introduced by the defendant respecting the various devices which the government had used, and the great success of thedevice which was finally adopted. Let a decree be entered for the plaintiff directing an account and an injunction-the terms of the decree as toinjunction to be settled upon hearing.
CLENDININ
v.
TlIE STEAM-SHIP ALlIAMBRA,
etc.
(District Court, E. D. New York.
July 23,1880.)
CLENDININ 2.· SAME -SAlIE -
V.
STEAM-SHIP ALHAMBRA.
\ ., 87
DUTY OF STEAMER. - In such cases, b,owever, the steamer is not absolved from fault, where the change of lights indicated action on the part of the schooner, not only uncalled for but improbable, and where the starting of the engine of the steamer, after it had once been stopped, was the immediate cause of the disaster.
W. W. Goodrich, for libellant. Butler, Stillman cf: Hubbard, for respondent. BENEDICT, D. J. The collision that gave rise to this action obcurred in the night-time, on the high seas, between the schooner Owen P. Hines and the steam-ship Alhambra. The schooner was sailing free, at the speed of about five knots an . hour, upon a north-north-east course. The steamer was steaming at the speed of from seven to eight knots an hou!" upon a south-west course. Both vessels had green and red lights set. The vessels were upon crossing courses, with the gteen light of the schooner displayed towards the steam-ship as she approached the schooner from the leeward. It is proved by those on board the steamer that the schooner's green light was seen by them at a considerable distanoe off, but heaving so as render it unsafe for the steamer to attempt to cross the schooner'a bows, whertlfore th'6steamer's engine was stopped. Afterwards it was started again at half speed, when shortly the vessels came in collision, the port bow of the steamer and the starboard bow of the schooner coming in contact. After the collision the steamer passed on without having spoken the schooner, and soon the schooner sunk, her crew being saved by taking to the boat. These facts, which are undisputed, would leave the case a clear one for the libellant were it not that the steamer produces the positive testimony of her master, wheelsman, look out, and a man on deck, that after the green light of the was seen the light disappeared, and the red light of the schooner became visible, which gave rise to the suppositionthat the schooner was undertaking to avoid the steamer by bearing away, and led the steamer to resume her vOyage. From the schooner there is the testimony, equally positive, of three witnesses-all who were on deck"'-that no change