Licht v. America West Airlines’s Empirical Analysis
40 F.3d 1058 · 1994
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 3 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 31 later decisions — most recently May 2017 · most notably United States v. Cocivera (1996), Simon v. Hartford Life, Inc. (2008)
8 federal appellate · 3 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1654
Relies on Rowland v. California Men's Colony, Unit II Men's Advisory Council · C.E. Pope Equity Trust v. United States · Eagle Associates v. Bank of Montreal · United States v. Reeves
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 31 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It has been the law for the better part of two centuries, for example, that a corporation may appear in the federal courts only through licensed counsel, [(citations omitted)]. As the courts have recognized, the rationale for that rule applies equally to all artificial entities. Thus, save in a few aberrant cases, [(footnote omitted)] the lower courts have uniformly held that 28 U.S.C. § 1654 , providing that “parties may plead and conduct their own cases personally or by counsel,” does not allow corporations, partnerships, or associations to appear in federal court otherwise than through a licensed attorney, [(citations omitted)].”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“`[c]orporations and other unincorporated associations must appear in court through an attorney.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.