40 Wash. App. 257 - State v. Ludvik’s Empirical Analysis
1985
Citation profile
54 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 56 later decisions — most recently August 2021 · most notably 123 Wash. 2d 173 - State v. Young (1994), 113 Wash. 2d 413 - Southcenter Joint Venture v. National Democratic Policy Committee (1989)
54 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Rhode Island v. Innis · Starnes v. Penrod Drilling Co. · Burdeau v. McDowell · Mansion House Center South Redevelopment Co. v. United States · Eisenstadt v. Baker
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 56 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“only against governmental actions and do[es] not require the application of the exclusionary rule to evidence obtained from private citizens acting on their own initiative.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“[O]fficial involvement is not measured by the primary occupation of the person conducting the search, but the capacity in which he acts at the time.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“to confirm what could otherwise lawfully be seen with the naked eye”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.