Leaf v. Shelnutt’s Empirical Analysis
400 F.3d 1070 · 2005
Citation profile
58 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 99 later decisions — most recently February 2021 · most notably United States v. Caraballo (2010), Sornberger v. City of Knoxville (2006)
58 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3109 · 28 U.S.C. § 1291 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Terry v. Ohio · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Mitchell v. Forsyth
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 99 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“as long as their actions could reasonably have been thought consistent with the rights they are alleged to have violated.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he Supreme Court has noted that a reasonable person might not believe he was free to leave when faced with “the threatening presence of several officers, the display of a weapon by an officer, some physical touching of the person of the citizen, or the use of language or tone of voice indicating that compliance with the officer’s request might be compelled.” Mendenhall, 446 U.S. at 554 , 100 S.Ct. 1870 . Furthermore, this court has noted some other factors that might influence a reasonable individual to believe that he was not free to leave: “whether the encounter occurred in a public or private place; whether the suspect was informed that he was ... free to leave; ... whether there was physical touching, display of weapons, or other threatening conduct; and whether the suspect eventually departed the area without hindrance.” United States v. Scheets, 188 F.3d 829 , 836-37 (7th Cir.1999), ce rt. denied, 528 U.S. 1096 , 120 S.Ct. 837 , 145 L.Ed.2d 703 (2000).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“The district court denied Deputy Shel-nutt qualified immunity because it found that questions of fact existed respecting four actions that he took on May 5, 2001:(1) his entry into Mr. Leafs apartment; (2) his subsequent search of Mr. Leafs apartment; (3) his conduct toward Mr. Leaf while Mr. Leaf was lying on the bed; and (4) the manner in which he shot Mr. Leaf. The district court also denied Deputy Shelnutt qualified immunity for the excessive force claim on the ground that, because the first three actions listed may have violated Mr. Leafs constitutional rights, Deputy Shelnutt may have created the need for force in such a way that his ultimate shooting of Mr. Leaf was tainted by prior unconstitutional acts.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. McKinney v. Duplain
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.