Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. R Laird’s Empirical Analysis
1970
Citation profile
108 federal appellate · 9 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 159 later decisions (6 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2025 · most notably Rush Pettway, Etc. v. American Cast Iron Pipe Company, United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Intervenor (1974), United States v. Edwards (1981)
108 federal appellate · 9 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 10 U.S.C. § 333 · 28 U.S.C. § 2201
Relies on Baker v. Carr · Flast v. Cohen · Powell v. McCormack · M'Culloch v. State of Maryland · Massachusetts v. Mellon
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 159 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“If we determine that the Indochina conflict is unconstitutional because it lacks a congressional declaration of war, the Chief Executive is free to seek one, as was President Truman free to seek congressional approval after our Steel Seizure decision.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Atlee v. Laird“, And Foreign Relations, 17 U.C.L.A.L.Rev. 1135 (1970).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Atlee v. Laird
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.