United States v. Cleaver’s Empirical Analysis
402 F.2d 148 · 1968
Citation profile
20 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 545 · 26 U.S.C. § 7607
Relies on Aguilar v. Texas · Brinegar v. United States · Beck v. State of Ohio · United States v. Ventresca · Draper v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 22 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Probable cause exists where ‘the facts and circumstances within their [the officers’] knowledge and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information [are] sufficient in themselves to warrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief that’ an offense has been or is being committed.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.