Perez v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
1971
Citation profile
913 federal appellate · 99 district · 52 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,513 later decisions (48 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably United States v. Lopez (1995), United States v. Bass (1971)
913 federal appellate · 99 district · 52 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedUnited States v. Perez (from Second Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Gibbons v. Ogden · Wickard v. Filburn · United States v. Darby · Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
Cited together with Wickard v. Filburn · United States v. Lopez · Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States · United States v. Darby · Katzenbach v. McClung
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,513 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“We have mentioned in detail the economic, financial, and social setting of the problem as revealed to Congress. We do so not to infer that Congress need make particularized findings in order to legislate.”
43 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the use of channels of interstate or foreign commerce”
22 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““But even if appellee’s activity be local and though it may not be regarded as commerce, it may still, whatever its nature, be reached by Congress if it exerts a substantial economic effect on interstate commerce and this irrespective of whether such effect is what might at some earlier time have been defined as ‘direct’ or ‘indirect.’ ” Id., 317 U.S. at 125 , 63 S.Ct. at 89 (emphasis added).”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.