Cato v. Parham’s Empirical Analysis
403 F.2d 12 · 1968
Citation profile
15 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 34 later decisions — most recently February 1984 · most notably 11 Cal. 3d 1 - D'AMICO v. Board of Medical Examiners (1974), Lee v. Southern Home Sites Corp. (1970)
15 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Brown v. Board of Education · Green v. County School Board of New Kent County · United Public Workers of America v. Mitchell · Wieman v. Updegraff · Raney v. Board of Education of Gould School District
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““In the trial below the board’s attorney examines the witnesses: ‘What irreparable harm is going to come to any Negro school student * * * if he does not have a white teacher?’ The clear answer is anticipated; ‘no harm’ —thus, it is urged that the case for continued segregation of faculty is proven. Both the question, as well as the answer, conveniently ignore what ‘desegregation’ is all about. White teachers ‘harm’ neither the white student nor the black — nor can a teacher possibly harm students of either race merely because he is Negro. The evil is the concentrated grouping of teachers by race which brands the school as ‘white’ or ‘Negro’ rather than as a non-raeial institution of learning for all. One of the basic reasons freedom-of-choice plans usually fail is because ‘the predominant race of the students attending a particular school continues to serve as the predicate for the Board assignment of a teacher * * * ’ and ‘a predominantly Negro faculty continues to create a pervasive influence on the students’ choice of schools. * * * ’ Kemp II, [Kemp v. Beasley] 389 F.2d [178] at 190. All students have a constitutional right to go to a common school and to be taught by a common faculty of both races.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.