Graham v. Richardson’s Empirical Analysis
1971
Citation profile
930 federal appellate · 301 district · 872 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 3,123 later decisions (145 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth (1972), Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
930 federal appellate · 301 district · 872 state decisions — followed in 48 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1201 (§ 1001 of the Social Security Act of 1935) · 42 U.S.C. § 1202 (§ 1002 of the Social Security Act of 1935) · 42 U.S.C. § 1302 (§ 1102 of the Social Security Act of 1935) · 42 U.S.C. § 1351 (§ 1401 of the Social Security Act of 1935) · 42 U.S.C. § 1352 (§ 1402 of the Social Security Act of 1935) · 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 302 (§ 2 of the Social Security Act of 1935) · 8 U.S.C. § 1182 (§ 212 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter))
Relies on Goldberg v. Kelly · Dandridge v. Williams · McGowan v. State of Maryland Gallagher · Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc. · Shapiro v. Thompson
Cited together with Shapiro v. Thompson · San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez · Goldberg v. Kelly · Torao Takahashi v. Fish and Game Commission · Dandridge v. Williams
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3,123 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“inherently suspect and subject to close judicial scrutiny.”
42 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]his Court now has rejected the concept that constitutional rights turn upon whether a governmental benefit is characterized as a `right' or as a `privilege.'”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Doe v. Norton · Weaver v. O'GRADY“entitles both citizens and aliens to the equal protection of the laws of the State in which they reside.”
14 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.