United States v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
404 F.2d 720 · 1968
Citation profile
65 federal appellate · 1 district · 19 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 94 later decisions — most recently April 1998 · most notably 35 Cal. 3d 329 - People v. Fields (1983), United States v. Brawner (1972)
65 federal appellate · 1 district · 19 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 4244
Relies on Powell v. Texas · Davis v. United States · Nelson v. County of Los Angeles · Durham v. United States · American Tobacco Co. v. Green
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 94 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) Was he suffering from a mental illness at the time of the commission of th'i crime? (2) Was that illness such as to prevent his knowing the wrongfulness of his act? (3) Was the mental illness such as to render him substantially incapable of conforming his conduct to the requirements of the law he is charged with violating?”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) A person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality [wrongfulness] of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of the law. (2) As used in this Article, the terms “mental disease or defect” do not include an abnormality manifested only by repeated criminal or otherwise antisocial conduct.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““As used in these instructions, the terms ‘mental disease or defect’ do not include an abnormality manifested only by repeated criminal or otherwise anti-social conduct.””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.