State v. Baby’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

55 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 55 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “"[W]hen an appellant, in a criminal case, establishes error, unless a reviewing court, upon its own independent review of the record, is able to declare a belief, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the error in no way influenced the verdict, such error cannot be deemed `harmless' and a reversal is mandated. Such reviewing court must thus be satisfied that there is no reasonable possibility that the evidence complained of—whether erroneously admitted or excluded—may have contributed to the rendition of the guilty verdict."”

   4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Washington v. State · Hutchinson v. State

2. “In Lovell , we held that a trial court must respond to a question from a deliberating jury in a way that clarifies the confusion evidenced by the query when the question involves an issue central to the case. We concluded that the trial court abused its discretion in a capital case when it refused to provide further guidance on the term "youthful age" when youthful age was a statutory mitigating circumstance. In reaching our holding, we cited Bollenbach v. United States, in which Justice Frankfurter, writing for the Court, stated that when "a jury makes explicit its difficulties a trial judge should clear them away with concrete accuracy," as well as to Price v. Glosson Motor Lines, Inc., for the proposition that when "a jury makes a specific difficulty known ... and when the difficulty involved is an issue ... central to the case ... helpful response is mandatory."”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Cruz v. State · 221 Md. App. 376 - Bircher v. State

3. “If (name) submitted to sexual intercourse, and if you find that her submission was induced by force or by threats that put her in reasonable fear of bodily harm to herself [or to another person], then her submission was without consent. Her fear was reasonable if you find that, under the circumstances, a reasonable woman would fear for her safety. Finally, consent means actually agreeing to the act of intercourse, rather than merely submitting as a result of force or threat of force.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. 201 Md. App. 276 - Perez v. State · Cruz v. State