404 So. 2d 929 - State v. Bickham’s Empirical Analysis
1981
Citation profile
136 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 136 later decisions — most recently May 2018 · most notably 433 So. 2d 104 - State v. Square (1983), 484 So. 2d 122 - State v. Fraser (1986)
136 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Manson v. Brathwaite · Kirby v. Illinois · 356 So. 2d 956 - State v. Dunbar · 342 So. 2d 183 - State v. Robinson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 136 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“is less than probable cause, but the officer must have”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage“One-on-one confrontations between a suspect and a victim, while not favored by the law, are permissible when justified by the overall circumstances. State v. Dunbar, 356 So.2d 956 (La.1978). Such identification procedures are generally permitted when the accused is apprehended within a short time after the offense and is returned to the scene of the crime for on-the-spot identification. A prompt in-the-field identification, under appropriate circumstances, promotes accuracy, as well as expediting the release of innocent suspects.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Picot · State v. Woolridge“"Absent special circumstances the presence of counsel is not required at pre-indictment lineups. Kirby v. Illinois, 406 U.S. 682 , 92 S.Ct. 1877 , 32 L.Ed.2d 411 (1972). Since due process safeguards usually provide adequate protection for a defendant before a formal charge, the right to counsel was explicitly limited in Kirby to a "criminal prosecution", which commences only with the initiation of adversay judicial proceedings by formal charge, preliminary hearing, indictment information or arraignment. " [Emphasis supplied]”
3 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Hodges · State v. Johnson
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.