Volume 404 — United States Reports

This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 404 of the United States Reports:

Younger v. Gilmore, 404 U.S. 15 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that imprisoned people have a right to access a law library.

Held: in line with Griffin v. Illinois, 351 U.S. 12 , 76 S.Ct. 585, 100 L.Ed. 891 (1956), that an indigent prisoner cannot be deprived of a direct criminal appeal or of state habeas relief solely on account of his inability to prepay docketing fees.

Reed v. Reed, 404 U.S. 71 (1971), is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States holding that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. In Reed v. Reed the Supreme Court ruled for the first time that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited differential treatment based on sex.

Section 224 of the Social Security Act, which requires a reduction in social security benefits to reflect workmen's compensation payments, has a rational basis and does not violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. 317 F.Supp. 1294, reversed. Richard B. Stone, Washington, D.C., for appellant. John Charles Harris, Alexandria, for appellee. Mr.

Respondent was injured in December 1965 while working on petitioner's artificial island drilling rig, located on the Outer Continental Shelf off the Louisiana coast. Held: The Lands Act, as interpreted in Rodrigue, requires that a State's statute of limitations be applied to actions for personal injuries occurring on fixed structures on the Outer Continental Shelf.

Two unions, the Plasterers and the Tile Setters, in accordance with procedures binding them to arbitrate, submitted to a board their… Held: The employers here, both of which had substantial financial stakes in the outcome of the § 10(k) proceeding, were 'parties to the dispute' within the meaning of that provision and the NLRB was empowered to determine the jurisdictional dispute under that provision in this case where the competing unions, but not the employers, had…

A union which had begun organizing respondent company's employees charged the company with unfair labor practices. Held: Since the action here does not seek to restrain unfair labor practices against which the NLRB had issued its complaint but is based on the general doctrien of pre-emption, the exception in § 2283 for matters 'necessary in aid of its jurisdiction' is inapplicable.

A labor organization that was the exclusive bargaining agent for employees 'working' on hourly pay rates at one of respondent Company's facilities had negotiated with the Company an employee health… Held: Retirees' benefits are not, within the meaning of §§ 8(a)(5) and 8(d) of the NLRA, a mandatory subject of bargaining as 'terms and conditions of employment' of the retirees. Pp. 163—176.

Appellant was convicted on nonfelony charges of violating two city of Chicago ordinances and was sentenced to pay a fine of $250 on each offense. Held: Although the State must afford the indigent defendant a trial "record of sufficient completeness' to permit proper consideration of (his) claims,' Draper v.

State law and not federal maritime law held to govern suit by respondent longshoreman who was injured by alleged defect in his stevedore employer's pierbased forklift truck which respondent was operating on the dock to transfer cargo to a point alongside a vessel where it was to be hoisted aboard by the ship's own gear.

Petitioner was convicted of murder a month after his previous trial had ended with a hung jury. Held: In the narrow circumstances of this case, a transcript was not needed for petitioner's defense. Pp. 227—230. 8 N.C.App. 262, 174 S.E.2d 69, affirmed. Robert G. Bowers, New Bern, N.C., for petitioner. Christine Y. Denson, Raleigh, N.C., for respondent. Mr. Justice MARSHALL, delivered the

Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257 (1971), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the sentence of the defendant should be vacated because the plea agreement specified that the prosecutor would not recommend a sentence, but the prosecutor breached the agreement by recommending the maximum sentence.

A grand jury returned a murder indictment against a named individual 'and John Doe, the true name and a more particular description of the… Held: The substance of a federal habeas corpus claim must in the first instance be fairly presented to the state courts, and since on the record and argument before it the State's highest court had no fair opportunity to consider and act upon the equal protection claim, the Court of Appeals erred in holding that respondent had exhausted…

This class action challenges on equal protection and supremacy grounds an Illinois statute and regulation under which needy dependent children 18 through 20 years old attending high school or… Held: Under § 402(a)(10) of the Social Security Act, a state participating plan under the AFDC program must provide that aid to families with dependent children shall be furnished with reasonable promptness to 'all eligible' individuals.

Possession of counterfeit alien registration receipt card held not an act punishable under 18 U.S.C. § 1546, which prohibits, inter alia, the counterfeiting or alternation of, or the possession, use, or receipt of an already counterfeited or altered 'immigrant or nonimmigrant visa, permit, or other document required for entry into the United States.' The primary purpose of an alien registration receipt card is for identification within the United States, and its merely…

Appellees, claiming that the Government had known of the crimes with which they were charged, the circumstances of the crimes, and appellees' identities for over three years before they were… Held: The motion to dismiss the indictment for lack of a speedy trial was in the nature of a confession and avoidance and constituted a motion in bar by appellees who had not been placed in jeopardy when the District Court entered its order of dismissal.

Respondent was convicted of possessing firearms in violation of § 1202(a)(1) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act, which provides that a person convicted of a felony 'who receives,… Held: It is not clear from the language and legislative history of § 1202(a)(1) whether or not receipt or possession of a firearm by a convicted felon has to be shown in an individual prosecution to have been connected with interstate commerce.

Illinois law provides three ways in which an accused can secure his pretrial release: (1) personal recognizance; (2) execution of a bail bond, with a deposit of 10% of the bail, all but 10% of which… Held: The Illinois bail system does not violate equal protection requirements. Pp. 484—487.

The Court of Appeals, overruling the contentions of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), held that it had jurisdiction to review the SEC's 'extremely… Held: Since it is extremely doubtful that at the end of that period respondent will resubmit the proposal and Dow will refuse it, the case is now moot. P. 405—407. 139 U.S.App.D.C. 226, 432 F.2d 659, vacated and remanded. Sol. Gen. Erwin N. Griswold for petitioner. Roberts B. Owen, Washington, D.C., for respondent.

Held: in a case involving the same property as is involved here, that church parking lots retain their full tax exemption under state law even though they may be used for commercial as well as church purposes. Central Baptist Church v. Dade County, Fla., 216 So.2d 4 (1968).

Respondent, the owner of more than 10% of Dodge Mfg. Held: Under the terms of § 16(b) respondent is not liable to petitioner (Dodge's successor) for profits derived from the sale of the 9.96% to Dodge within six months of purchase. Pp. 422—427. 434 F.2d 918, affirmed. Thomas P. Mulliganm, Cleveland, Ohio, for petitioner.

In imposing sentence upon a defendant convicted of bank robbery, a federal district judge gave explicit consideration to the defendant's record of previous… Held: Under these circumstances the Court of Appeals was correct in remanding the case to the District Court for reconsideration of the sentence imposed upon the defendant. Pp. 446—449. 431 F.2d 1292, affirmed. Allan A. Tuttle, Raleigh, N.C., for petitioner. William A. Reppy, Jr., Durham, N.C., for respondent.

The Federal Power Commission (FPC) properly determined that the transfer of power from Florida Power & Light Co. (FP & L) to another Florida utility's 'bus' (a transmission line into which subsidiary lines connect) and the simultaneous transfer of power from that utility's 'bus' to a Georgia company gave the FPC jurisdiction over FP & L under § 201(b) of the Federal Power Act, which grants jurisdiction to the FPC over 'the transmission of electric energy in interstate…

Following a pretrial suppression hearing at which conflicting evidence was presented as to the voluntariness of a confession that petitioner had given the police, the trial judge, presumably applying… Held: The hearing on the voluntariness of a confession required by this Court's decision in Jackson v.

Wisconsin legislative resolution citing petitioner for contempt for conduct on the floor of the State Assembly that occurred two days previous to the contempt resolution and sentencing him to confinement held violative of due process, since petitioner, who was readily available, was given no notice before the resolution was adopted or afforded any opportunity to respond by way of defense or extenuation. Pp. 499—507. 436 F.2d 326 and 331, reversed. William M.

California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited, 404 U.S. 508 (1972), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court involving the right to make petitions to the government. The right to petition is enshrined in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution as: "Congress shall make no law...abridging...the right of the people...to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." This case involved the claim that one group of companies was using state and federal regulatory actions to eliminate competitors. The Supreme Court ruled that the right to petition is integral to the legal system but using lawful means to achieve unlawful restraint of trade is not protected in some instances.

Edward C. Eppich, Denver, Colo., for respondent. Mr. Justice STEWART delivered the opinion of the Court. 1 A person claiming to be aggrieved by a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 78 Stat. 253, 1 may not maintain a suit for redress in federal district court until he has first unsuccessfully pursued certain avenues of potential administrative relief.

Trbovich v. United Mine Workers, 404 U.S. 528 (1972), is a 6–1 decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 gave union members the right to intervene in enforcement proceedings brought by the United States Department of Labor in enforcement proceedings under the Act.

Held: that the Fourteenth Amendment applied the Self Incrimination Clause to the States as fully as to the Federal Government, it will require a reversal in direction by this Court and a dilution of Malloy to say that these applicants are lawfully detained.

Held: was included within “liberty” as the word is used in the Fourteenth Amendment. Id., at 400 . Opposed there — as in the present case — is the authoritarian philosophy favoring regimentation. The Court said: “In order to submerge the individual and develop ideal citizens, Sparta assembled the males at seven into barracks and intrusted their subsequent education and training to official guardians.

Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson, 404 U.S. 1215 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding the desegregation of schools in San Francisco.