Powe v. Miles’s Empirical Analysis
407 F.2d 73 · 1968
Citation profile
128 federal appellate · 28 district · 20 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 272 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2023 · most notably Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co. (1974), 10 Fair empl.prac.cas. 1331, 10 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 10,294 Selene Weise v. Syracuse University, Jo Davis Mortenson v. Syracuse University (1975)
128 federal appellate · 28 district · 20 state decisions — followed in 14 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1343 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Meyer v. State of Nebraska · Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · Near v. State of Minnesota Olson · Cooper v. Aaron · Cox v. State of New Hampshire
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 272 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(The argument of the appellants) . . . overlooks the essential point that the state must be involved not simply with some activity of the institution alleged to have inflicted injury upon a plaintiff but with the activity that caused the injury. Putting the point another way, the state action, not the private action, must be the subject of complaint.”
27 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““§ 6102. Administration “Such college shall continue to be administered, as to the establishment of courses of study, the creation of departments and positions, the determination of the number and salaries of members of the faculty and other employees, the apportionment and employment thereof, the maintenance of discipline and as to all matters pertaining to its educational policies, activities and operations, including research work, by Alfred University, as the representative of the state university trustees”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Robinson v. Davis“Sec. 1983. Civil action for deprivation of rights Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.