Ivan v. v. City of New York’s Empirical Analysis
1972
Citation profile
100 federal appellate · 35 district · 212 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 448 later decisions (32 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2021 · most notably Jackson v. Virginia (1979), Murray v. Carrier (1986)
100 federal appellate · 35 district · 212 state decisions — followed in 30 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Roberts v. Russell · Williams v. United States · Adams v. Illinois
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 448 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Where the major purpose of new constitutional doctrine is to overcome an aspect of the criminal trial that substantially impairs its truth-finding function and so raises serious questions about the accuracy of guilty verdicts in past trials, the new rule has been given complete retroactive effect. Neither good-faith reliance by state or federal authorities on prior constitutional law or accepted practice, nor severe impact on the administration of justice has sufficed to require prospective application in these circumstances.”
23 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“that bedrock 'axiomatic and elementary' principle whose 'enforcement lies at the foundation of the administration of our criminal law.'”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. In re FASHINA · Smart v. State“Plainly, then, the major purpose of the constitutional standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt announced in Winship was to overcome an aspect of a criminal trial that substantially impairs the truth-finding function, and Winship is thus to be given complete retroactive effect.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Murray v. Carrier · Smart v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.