Commonwealth v. Moses’s Empirical Analysis
1990
Citation profile
2 district · 106 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 108 later decisions — most recently July 2019 · most notably 9 Cal. 4th 224 - People v. Souza (1994), Commonwealth v. Grandison (2001)
2 district · 106 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Carroll v. United States · Chambers v. Maroney · United States v. Ross · Pennsylvania v. Mimms
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 108 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“standing near an automobile parked next to the sidewalk with its motor running [and] appeared to be interacting in some way with three ... men who sat in the automobile[, and then, o]n making eye contact with [the officer,] all four [men on the sidewalk] quickly dispersed in two different directions[, and] [o]ne of the occupants of the automobile, on making eye contact with [the officer], immediately ducked under the dashboard, completely out of [the officer's]'s sight.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“may include a search extending into the interior of an automobile, but they are 'confined to what is minimally necessary to learn whether the suspect is armed and to disarm him once the weapon is discovered'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“first, whether the initiation of the investigation by the police was permissible in the circumstances, and second, whether the scope of the search was justified by the circumstances.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.