408 Pa. Super. 399 - Commonwealth v. Valenzuela’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
15
cited by 15 later decisions
1
states following
September 2005
most recently cited
15 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Illinois v. Gates · Carroll v. United States · Commonwealth v. Edmunds · Commonwealth v. Gray
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A]n officer may make an investigatory stop where he observes unusual conduct which leads him reasonably to conclude that criminal activity may be afoot. Such an investigatory stop of an automobile must be based on objective facts creating a reasonable suspicion that the motorist is presently involved in criminal activity. The officer must be able to point to specific and articulable facts which[,] taken together with rational inferences from these facts[,] reasonably warrant the intrusion.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.